Speech and Language Disorders

What it is:
Speech and language disorders involve difficulties with producing sounds, forming words, or understanding and expressing language. This can include stuttering, articulation problems, or language delays where students struggle to find the right words or follow complex sentences.

What to look out for:
Students may hesitate, stammer, or pause when speaking. They might mispronounce certain sounds, have a limited vocabulary, or avoid talking in class out of embarrassment. Some may understand spoken instructions poorly, especially if they’re long or complex.

Real-life example:
During an English presentation, a student begins to stutter and repeats the first sound of a word several times. Classmates start whispering, and the student quickly rushes through the rest of the presentation without making eye contact, leaving them feeling ashamed.

How it affects learning:
Oral presentations, class discussions, and reading aloud become high-stress activities. A student may avoid participation, leading teachers to think they don’t know the material. Socially, peers may misunderstand them, causing withdrawal or frustration.

Best learning strategies:

• Allow alternative methods to present work (video, recorded audio, visuals).

• Give extra time for oral responses without rushing.

• Work with speech therapists to improve clarity and confidence.

• Encourage supportive peer environments where interruptions are discouraged.

• Break down instructions into simple, manageable language.