Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)

What it is:
Sensory Processing Disorder occurs when the brain struggles to interpret or respond appropriately to sensory input from the environment. This can affect any of the senses—sight, sound, touch, taste, or movement. Some students are over-sensitive and become overwhelmed easily, while others are under-sensitive and seek more intense stimulation.

What to look out for:
Students may avoid certain textures of clothing, react strongly to loud noises, or become restless in busy environments. Others may constantly fidget, seek intense movement, or have difficulty sitting still. Sensory challenges often manifest as avoidance behaviours, anxiety, or inattention.

Real-life example:
During art class, a student refuses to use glue or paint because the texture is uncomfortable. In the school cafeteria, the noise of students talking and trays clattering causes them to cover their ears and withdraw, making participation difficult.

How it affects learning:
Sensory sensitivities can cause distraction, fatigue, or emotional outbursts, which interfere with concentration and engagement. Activities like group work, field trips, or hands-on experiments may be particularly challenging. Students may appear defiant or disengaged when they are responding to sensory overload.

Best learning strategies:

• Provide quiet spaces or sensory corners for breaks.

• Offer alternative materials or adaptive tools for tactile activities.

• Prepare students for changes or noisy environments in advance.

• Use predictable routines and gradual exposure to sensory stimuli.

• Collaborate with occupational therapists to create individualized sensory supports.