Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD)

What it is:
Sensory Modulation Disorder is a type of sensory processing issue where students have difficulty regulating responses to sensory input. They may overreact or underreact to stimuli, making attention and participation challenging.

What to look out for:
Students may be distracted by everyday classroom noises, avoid certain textures, or seek excessive sensory input. They might become anxious, fidgety, or withdraw from activities. Emotional reactions may appear disproportionate to the situation.

Real-life example:
During a noisy group activity, a student may cover their ears and retreat to a corner, unable to focus on instructions. Conversely, they may constantly touch classroom materials or move around excessively, making it hard to sit still.

How it affects learning:
Sensory regulation issues can disrupt attention, participation, and classroom engagement. Students may miss critical instructions, avoid tasks, or react emotionally, leading to misunderstandings. Fatigue and frustration from sensory overload can further affect learning.

Best learning strategies:

• Provide a quiet, low-stimulation area for breaks.

• Use sensory tools like fidget items or weighted lap pads.

• Give advanced notice of transitions and changes in activities.

• Incorporate movement or sensory breaks throughout the day.

• Collaborate with occupational therapists to tailor interventions.