Selective Mutism

What it is:
Selective Mutism is an anxiety disorder where a student can speak normally in some situations but is unable to speak in specific settings, often at school. It is not a choice but a response to extreme social anxiety.

What to look out for:
Students may communicate nonverbally (gestures, nodding) in class but speak freely at home or with trusted individuals. They may avoid participation, freeze when called upon, or appear shy and withdrawn.

Real-life example:
During a class discussion, a student who speaks confidently at home refuses to answer a question or contribute, despite knowing the material perfectly. This is due to overwhelming anxiety, not lack of knowledge.

How it affects learning:
Oral participation, presentations, and group discussions become stressful. Teachers may misinterpret silence as disengagement or defiance, while peers may misunderstand the student’s abilities. Social isolation can also affect collaboration and confidence.

Best learning strategies:

• Allow alternative ways to demonstrate understanding (written responses, digital submissions).

• Gradually encourage speaking in small, low-pressure settings.

• Provide positive reinforcement for participation attempts.

• Collaborate with speech-language pathologists or counselors.

• Foster a supportive, non-judgmental classroom culture.