Intellectual Disability (ID)

What it is:
Intellectual Disability is a condition where a person has below-average cognitive abilities and struggles with adaptive functioning. This means they may have difficulty reasoning, solving problems, or learning new skills at the same pace as their peers. The severity ranges from mild to profound, influencing the level of support they need in daily life.

What to look out for:
Students may take longer to understand instructions, struggle with abstract concepts, or require repetition to learn new skills. They might have limited vocabulary, difficulty with complex social interactions, and challenges applying knowledge in real-life situations.

Real-life example:
In a classroom, a student may grasp basic math concepts after multiple lessons but still need step-by-step guidance when solving a practical problem, like measuring ingredients for a recipe. In group activities, they may rely on peers to complete more abstract parts of a project.

How it affects learning:
Learning progresses more slowly, and students often require individualized instruction or repeated practice. Standardized tests and timed assignments may not accurately reflect their understanding. Socially, difficulties with problem-solving or communication can lead to misunderstandings or reliance on peers for support.

Best learning strategies:

• Break tasks into small, clear steps and provide frequent guidance.

• Use hands-on activities and visual aids to reinforce learning.

• Provide repeated practice and scaffolded support.

• Encourage peer mentoring and cooperative learning.

• Celebrate incremental progress to build confidence and motivation.