Epilepsy

What it is:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Seizures vary from brief lapses in attention (absence seizures) to full-body convulsions. While intelligence may not be affected, seizures and medication side effects can influence learning and behavior.

What to look out for:
Students may have sudden staring spells, muscle jerks, or full convulsions. They might appear confused or tired after a seizure. Some may experience memory difficulties, slower processing, or attention problems between episodes.

Real-life example:
A student with absence seizures may stop paying attention during a math lesson for several seconds repeatedly, missing instructions or steps. Post-seizure fatigue can make completing tasks challenging.

How it affects learning:
Seizures interrupt lessons, reduce attention, and can impact memory retention. Side effects from medications, such as drowsiness or slowed processing, may also affect academic performance. Emotional stress related to stigma or fear of seizures can impact participation.

Best learning strategies:

• Provide clear, written instructions and repeat key points.

• Allow extra time for assignments and exams.

• Monitor for fatigue and allow rest breaks after seizures.

• Educate peers about the condition to reduce stigma.

• Collaborate with healthcare providers to accommodate medical needs.