Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is sometimes called “math dyslexia.” It makes understanding numbers, patterns, and mathematical concepts extremely difficult. It has nothing to do with intelligence—many people with dyscalculia are great at creative or verbal tasks—but their brain processes numbers differently.

What to look out for: Difficulty learning multiplication tables, mixing up symbols (+, −, ÷, ×), or constantly using fingers for basic calculations. Students may struggle to read clocks, remember phone numbers, or calculate change at a store. Anxiety around math is common.

Daily life example: A student may understand the steps of a recipe but miscalculate the measurements, or panic when asked to quickly “do the math” at a shop counter. Board games involving numbers may feel frustrating, not fun.

How it affects learning: Math-heavy subjects (algebra, physics, accounting) become major hurdles. Students may understand concepts when explained verbally but fail when asked to solve equations. Over time, repeated struggles can cause math anxiety or avoidance of anything involving numbers.

Best learning strategies: Use concrete, visual tools—blocks, coins, or number lines—to make math tangible. Connect math to real life (measuring ingredients, budgeting pocket money). Break problems into small, repeatable steps. Allow calculators and math apps for support. Repetition and hands-on practice are more effective than memorization alone.