Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)

What it is:
Developmental Language Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition where children have difficulties acquiring and using language for understanding or expressing ideas, despite normal hearing and intelligence. It affects vocabulary, grammar, and conversational skills.

What to look out for:

• Limited vocabulary for age and difficulty forming sentences.

• Trouble following multi-step verbal instructions.

• Difficulty understanding questions or stories.

• Frustration or withdrawal when asked to participate verbally.

Real-life example:
A student may understand math concepts but struggle to explain their reasoning in full sentences or follow worded instructions in science class. They may rely heavily on visual cues or gestures to communicate.

How it affects learning:
Challenges in language can slow reading comprehension, written expression, and classroom participation. Misunderstandings can lead to social difficulties, and students may appear less capable than they are intellectually.

Best learning strategies:

• Use visual supports, diagrams, and written instructions alongside verbal explanations.

• Break instructions into short, clear steps and check understanding frequently.

• Provide language therapy and targeted vocabulary instruction.

• Encourage alternative communication methods such as drawing or typing.

• Foster supportive peer interactions and practice conversational skills in small groups.