ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

ADHD is a condition that affects focus, self-control, and energy levels. It comes in different forms: some people are mostly inattentive (daydreamers), some are hyperactive and impulsive, and others are a mix of both. ADHD isn’t about being “lazy” or “not trying”—it’s a brain difference that affects how attention is regulated. While it can be challenging in school, many people with ADHD are energetic, creative, and thrive when doing things they’re passionate about.

How to recognize it: Teens with ADHD might find it hard to sit still during long classes, often tapping their foot or doodling. They may zone out mid-lesson, missing key details, or struggle to follow multi-step instructions like “finish your worksheet, hand it in, then start reading.” Forgetfulness is common—they may lose their homework, misplace their phone, or leave projects unfinished. Some may blurt out answers or talk a lot without realizing it. Others are quieter but drift off into their own thoughts.

Real-life example: Picture trying to do your homework. You sit down at your desk, open the first page… and then notice a text on your phone. Suddenly it’s an hour later and you’ve reorganized your Spotify playlist, but the homework is untouched. Or, you might start strong on a project but abandon it halfway when a new, more exciting idea pops into your head. This isn’t because you don’t care—it’s because your brain craves stimulation and struggles with tasks that feel boring or repetitive.

How it affects learning: ADHD can make long classes or lectures feel like torture because focus slips easily. Assignments that require planning, like essays, are harder because organizing ideas takes more energy. Students may know the answers but lose points for unfinished work or careless mistakes. Socially, ADHD can affect friendships too—talking too much, interrupting, or forgetting plans. Over time, teens may internalize this as “I’m not good enough,” when really, their brain just works differently.

Best learning strategies: The key is structure and movement. Short study sessions (15–20 minutes) with breaks in between keep the brain engaged. Using visual tools like planners, checklists, or apps helps with organization. Movement-based learning—like walking while reviewing flashcards or bouncing on a chair cushion—lets energy out while focusing the mind. Teachers can help by giving clear, step-by-step instructions and immediate feedback. At home, removing distractions (phones, noisy environments) can make a huge difference. Many teens with ADHD benefit from reward systems that celebrate progress, even small wins.